API 23 (Android 6.0 Marshmallow) represents one of the most pivotal milestones in mobile development history. Released by Google, it fundamentally shifted how developers handled user privacy, resource optimization, and application stability.
1. The Runtime Permissions Revolution
Before API 23, Android followed an “all-or-nothing” installation model. When users downloaded an app from the Google Play Store, a monolithic list of requested permissions (such as access to contacts, camera, or location) was presented upfront. Users had to accept everything just to install the app, leading to privacy concerns and widespread skepticism.
API 23 changed everything by introducing Runtime Permissions.
- Deferred Requests: Apps could now request permissions only when a specific feature was actually needed (
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